Tips for High Speed Connections
using a V.FC/V.34 or Faster Modem

Very few people can reach a consistent 28,800 (v.34 modem), 33,600 (33.6k modem), or 56k (x2 modem) bps connection. Speeds of 28,800 bps or faster, require perfect, almost ISDN quality, line conditions along the entire length of the connection. However, V.FC, V.34, and 33.6k modems are capable of pushing the limits of analog phone lines, commonly offering connect speeds of 21600, 24000, and even 26400bps or higher.

Line Impairment
Variations in line quality are typically the cause of low connection rates. Occasionally, users will experience “a bad line” connection, and have to hang up and call again. However, if you find that you never or rarely connect at rates above 19200 bps, you will need to investigate the line condition of your connections. Begin with the following:

Before going through the process of checking your phone line, make sure the software you are using with your modem is set to a port rate of 38400 or higher. If you have your port rate set to 19200, that's the maximum connection you will receive.
Try calling a different location. Line quality differs from region to region and it may be a problem with the lines or the modem at the other end of the system you are calling.
If you are calling long distance, try making a local connection. Sometimes the connections within a long distance call can cause impairments (If this isolates the problem, you can try switching long distance companies, or request they try to fix the problem.).
Try plugging the modem into a different phone line or wall jack.
If you know someone else in your area with a high-speed modem, ask what type of connections they usually make. Try making the connection from their location.

If you encounter the same low connection rates, the problem may be caused by impairments along the lines running to the local telephone company or within your home or office. Your telephone company or a private consultant may be able to help. Information on how to troubleshoot a line or specific problem is provided at the end of this document.

Software Setup and Modem Configuration
In addition to line impairments, modem configuration and software setup can affect connection rates and throughput. Our high-speed modems default configuration allows for 28,800 or 33,600 connections with other 33.6k, V.34 and V.FC modems.

Dropped Connections
Dropped connections can occur when there is a sharp decrease in line quality during a call. V.34 modems will switch to rates as low as 4800 bps to compensate for these changes. If the loss of quality is extremely severe, the modem will drop the connection.

Dropped v.FC Connections
V.FC connections can only switch rates down to 14,400 bps. If you connect using v.FC, and line quality drops below that allowable for a 14,400 connection, the modem will disconnect. If this occurs frequently for a particular call, you will want to disable v.FC before calling that modem again. A different modulation protocol (v.32bis, for example), will be established and will allow the modems to switch to lower bit rates as line quality warrants. If you want to disable v.FC, and your modem's maximum S-Register settings are in the thirties, send ATS32.1=1 to the modem . If your modem has S-Registers that go into the fifties, send ATS56.7=1 to the modem.

Remember to return the modem to it’s original configuration after the call is completed by resetting the modem, or entering ATS32=2 or ATS56=0 depending on the model you have.

Some v.FC modems made by other manufacturers, do not support rate switching. These connections are more likely to drop. For these calls, you can force a lower connect speed by locking the modem to a lower link rate via the &N command, or disable v.FC by entering ATS32.1=1 or ATS56=128. Remember to reset the modem or return it to its original configuration after the call is completed (AT&N0 or ATS32=2/ATS56=0).

Bandwidth Requirements
This information is provided for consultants or experienced modem users only! 33.6k, v.34 and v.FC connection rates are based on the available bandwidth over the phone line. The modem tests the phone line before establishing a connection rate, and will select the highest symbol rate allowable. In general, a higher symbol rate allows greater speeds, but requires greater bandwidth.

The approximate bandwidth requirements for each symbol rate are shown in the charts below.

Note: When using 33.6k or V.34, our modems can operate at either of two frequency ranges for any of the given symbol rates. This allows it to select the frequency range of better quality for that call.

v.34 Bandwidth Requirements

Symbol Carrier Bandwidth Maximum

Rate Protocol Frequency Requirements Bit Rate

2400 v.34 1600 Hz 400-2800 Hz 21600

v.34/v.FC 1800 Hz 600-3000 Hz 21600

2743 v.34 1646 Hz 274-3018 Hz 24000

v.FC/v.34 1829 Hz 457-3200 Hz 24000

2800 v.34 1680 Hz 280-3080 Hz 24000

v.FC/v.34 1867 Hz 467-3267 Hz 24000

3000 v.34 1800 Hz 300-3300 Hz 26400

v.34/v.FC 2000 Hz 500-3500 Hz 26400

v.FC 1875 Hz 375-3375 Hz 26400

3200 v.34 1829 Hz 229-3429 Hz 28800

v.FC 1920 Hz 320-3520 Hz 28800

3429 v.34 1959 Hz 244-3674 Hz 28800

33.6k Bandwidth Requirements

Symbol Carrier Bandwidth Maximum Bit Rate

Rate Protocol Frequency Requirements Bit Rate (33.6k)

2400 v.34 1600 Hz 400-2800 Hz 21600 21600

v.34/v.FC 1800 Hz 600-3000 Hz 21600 21600

2743 v.34 1646 Hz 274-3018 Hz 24000 26400

v.34/v.FC 1829 Hz 457-3200 Hz 24000 26400

2800 v.34 1680 Hz 280-3080 Hz 24000 26400

v.34/v.FC 1867 Hz 467-3267 Hz 24000 26400

3000 v.34 1800 Hz 300-3300 Hz 26400 28800

v.34 2000 Hz 500-3500 Hz 26400 28800

v.FC 1875 Hz 375-3376 Hz 26400

3200 v.34 1829 Hz 229-3429 Hz 28800 31200

v.34/v.FC 1920 Hz 320-3520 Hz 28800

3429 v.34/v.FC 1959 Hz 244-3674 Hz 28800 33600

Note: Minimum bit rates. v.34 and 33.6k will connect at speeds as low as 4800 bps with any of the above symbol rates. V.FC does not support rates below 14,400 bps. If the bit rate is much lower than the maximum bit rate supported by the symbol rate, the phone line has a lot of noise or other impairments on it.

Determining a Connection’s Bandwidth
The symbol rate and carrier frequency used during a connection is displayed on the modem’s ATI11 screen. Using the above table, you can determine the approximate bandwidth detected by the modem. V.34 can be disabled by setting S32.2=1/S56.6=1. V.FC can be disabled by setting ATS32.1=1/ATS56.7=1.